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Puerto Maldonado is a city in Southeastern Peru in the Amazon forest west of the Bolivian border; located at the confluence of the Tambopata and Madre de Dios rivers, the latter which joins the Madeira River as a tributary of the Amazon. It is the capital of the Madre de Dios Region. Nearby are the Manú National Park, Tambopata National Reserve, and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, which have been established to protect natural resources. These are some of the most pristine primary rain forests in the world. They include several oxbow lakes and clay licks, where hundreds of birds, including macaws, feed on clay. ==History== Because it was less accessible by major rivers, the Madre de Dios region was among later ones to be explored in the late 19th century rubber boom. Rubber barons active in the region included the Peruvian Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald of Iquitos, as well as Brazilian and Bolivian interests.〔(Beatriz Huertas Castillo, ''Indigenous Peoples in Isolation in the Peruvian Amazon: Their Struggle for Survival and Freedom'' ), IWGIA, 2004, p. 92〕 The workers for tapping rubber brought in endemic European diseases, causing epidemics and high fatalities among the indigenous peoples along the Manu River from 1889 to 1892, when the first rubber parties arrived, with another epidemic in 1896.〔 Fitzcarrald in his exploration found a short passage overland between the Mishagua, a tributary of the Urubamba River, and the Manu River, a tributary of the Madre de Dios River. This land was named as the Isthmus of Fitzcarrald after him. Transporting rubber across it enabled the product to be transferred to ships that could go down the Madre de Dios, connect to the Madeira River, a tributary of the Amazon River, and thereby to Atlantic ports and export markets. He also identified present-day Puerto Maldonado as a strategic location. He died in 1897 when his ship ''Contamana'' sank at this point in the river, where Puerto Maldonado was later founded. In 1901, the Peruvian Government created a committee to explore the nation's rainforest. Don Juan Villalta led an expedition along the Tambopata River, departing from Sandia.〔Sir Clements Markham ("Exploration of Fluvial Highways in Peru" ), ''The Geographical Journal'' (p. 672). Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain), 1903.〕 Villata officially founded Puerto Maldonado on July 10, 1902 as a station at the confluence of the Tambopata and the Madre de Dios River. He named the port after Faustino Maldonado, of Tarapoto, who had explored the Madre de Dios in 1861 and drowned in the rapids of the Mamoré River. The Madre de Dios region was created by law on Dec. 26, 1912, with Puerto Maldonado as its capital.〔(El departamento de Madre de Dios ). History on website of former Congressman Eduardo Salhuana〕 The city was formally recognized in 1985. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Puerto Maldonado」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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